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INFORMATIONAL BULLETIN №10 OF IFORMATIONAL LEGAL CENTER OF INGIGENOUS PEOPLES OF KRASNOYARSK KRAI

Training course "Education in the Field of Human Rights and Rights of Indigenous Peoples" was held on 26 May – 13 June 2008. The training course took place in Dudinka, the capital of Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Autonomous District (previous training courses were held in Krasnoyarsk). 8 representatives of Taymyr small indigenous peoples took part in it.
1. Aksinya Porotova, Dolgan, Community of Small-Numbered Indigenous Peoples "Mukustur", president (Dudinka).
2. Sergey Kashov, Nenets, Culture and leisure center, art gallery manager (Dikson).
3. Raisa Kayarina, Nenets, Kindergarten, teacher (Tukhard).
4. Sergey Espek, Dolgan, Community of Dolgans "Daasi", member (Khatanga).
5. Lyubov Naltanova, Dolgan, Community of Dolgans "Bultchut", president (Dudinka).
6. Maria Chepalova, Nganasan, Ust-Avam shcool № 13, teacher (Ust-Avam).
7. Taisia Panova, Dolgan, President of local public organization "Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Municipal District Dolgan Union", district doctor (Dudinka).
8. Elena Vasylyk, Dolgan, Recreation center, director (Khatanga).
The training course included a number of standard educational blocks, meetings with public agents and representatives of public organizations of indigenous peoples. Both organizers and interns carried out much work.
I may wish interns to succeed in future work and employment of acquired knowledge.
Elena Nechushkina, Director of Informational Legal Center of Indigenous Peoples of Krasnoyarsk Krai



Coming Changes

I came from Khatanga settlement. I am a member of a family community "Daasi". Our fishing point "Oboinaya" is 90 km away from Khatanga. My elder brother and I fish there.
There are a lot of socio-economic problems in Khatanga: high price of food, fuels and lubricants; heavy unemployment; agriculture decline. It is widely debated but things are still where they started.
A. Khloponin, governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai, visited Khatanga in July 2008 and now we hope the situation will get better.
It is important for communities, hunters, and fishermen that bag and catch is marketed at worth price to cover expenses and upgrade material and technical basis. I think Krai and district authorities should solve the problem in conference.
It was properly managed in Soviet times. There was a big fish factory in Khatanga. Special boats reached fishing points and all fishermen had to do was fish and deliver the catch to agents. And now they are to carry the catch to Khatanga and try to sell it in addition. After that the fish becomes "gold", that is income do not cover expenses. Therefore only a few people fish. We depend on single small sales. We hope that Krai will help to solve agricultural problems since our district has confederated with Krasnoyarsk Krai. Our district is rich in ecologically pure whitefish and wild reindeer, so everybody will profit by that.
Sergey Espek


Native Tukhard

Tukhard appeared on the map of Ust-Yenisey District of Taymyr Autonomous District in the seventies. The settlement is situated on the bank of the Bolshaya Kheta. The place was called Kisly Cape formerly, Afanasiy Palchin, a reindeer breeder lived there. The population of Tukhard is 865 people. Only 245 of them live in the settlement, the rest of them lead nomads' life in Tukhard tundra.
Today really good workmen live in Tukhard tundra. Native population (Nenets mainly) has preserved its original national culture, they cherish traditions and customs of ancestors. They still breed reindeer and fish. Reindeer breeding is the main component of traditional northern economy. There are 22 thousand reindeer pasturing in Tukhard tundra at present. Tukhard tundra is famous for outstanding reindeer breeders who love and take care of their parents and children. I am proud to represent a famous reindeer breeders' family of the Kayarins. Young generation carries on traditions successfully, take the lead in family farms, artels, and brigades. Once a year reindeer breeders gather together at the settlement to celebrate Reindeer Breeder's Day. Nomads from the whole neighborhood and guests from the center come to Tukhard.
But, of course, there are a lot of problems in our life. It is a pity that Tukhard tundra is used more for industry – gas production and not for life of indigenous peoples. Tundra is more and more crossed with pipelines. Soon they will begin to build a new gas pipeline connecting Dudinka with Pelyatka gas field. Many wild deer will not be able to jump over the pipeline. Reindeer breeders will have to change their routs again. Indigenes will have to struggle more to survive on their land.
Therefore we hope local and government public agents to work out and accept standard acts and development programmes that will protect indigenous peoples and let them live their traditional life.
Raisa Kayarina


Conclusion

I belong to the youngest Taymyr small indigenous peoples – Dolgans. I graduated from Krasnoyarsk Medical Institute (Krasnoyarsk Medical Academy) after school. I have been a head doctor of a rural district hospital of my home village Kheta for fourteen years. It was my dream to be a doctor of zemstvo. I think my dream has come true.
I am still worried about unsolved social problems as my village's fate is not all the same to me. Gradually, changes made indigenous peoples feel they became economically dependent on decisions of authority. During perestroika kolkhoz land where everyone had a share went to no one knows whom. Kolkhoz reindeer as well as private ones were slaughtered in the form of an order. People lost their land, reindeer, and right to hunt. It was a no-win situation for anyone. Public officers had to think of new purpose of life for indigenous peoples. Enough of experiments! Let people live their life the way they lived from everlasting. There are many gaps in legislation concerning rights of indigenous peoples. There are a lot of laws and act that are not applied in regions because of lack of financing, for example.
Bonuses to teachers of natural language are not described in municipal target programme "Taymyr Peoples 2008". These people are aged at present. Their knowledge and experience disappear without trace, they are to teach successors. We cannot delay in this matter.
Support of national culture should be organized in preschool institutions and schools. Pupils should to study how to survive and give first aid, they should learn how to hunt and fish at manual training. Youth festivals are to be held to reveal and support the most active creative youths.
I think 87 million rubles appropriated for our district in the bounds of the target programme is a small amount of money and it will not be able to improve life of indigenous peoples. It is necessary to search for additional financing. I suggest recourse to government, as government experiments' damage amounts to many millions.
I find closing of North Departments under institutes of Krasnoyarsk wrong, because now we receive fewer specialists. There should be a man in Small Indigenous Peoples of the North Support Agency who would not just send our students but give them moral and other support, collaborate with dean's offices and institutes administrations. It is desirable to train large number of various specialists to increase efficiency.
Lack of housing development in villages is a pressing problem. It would have sold a number of problems:
1. Improvement of social position of indigenous peoples;
2. lowering of psychological tension;
3. Decrease of a number of children in children's home "Romashka" (Dudinka);
4. Attraction of new interns to villages;
5. Outflow of youth to towns.
It is necessary to decide a question about allotment of land to indigenous peoples, the land they legally took up in kolkhoz. We are going to make statements, appeal for grants and attract attention and obtain funds in order to solve Taymyr small indigenous peoples' problems.
Taisia Panova


Native Ust-Avam

I live in Ust-Avam village, Dudinka town (former Dudinka District). Principally two small indigenous peoples – Nganasans and Nenets – live in our village. I am Nganasan. I am a laboratory assistant at school. This year I graduated from education department of Taymyr College and now I have a specialized secondary education. In autumn I am going to enter an institute of higher education. I am sure it will let me to get a good job, achieve my aims, and bring up my son.
There are a lot of unsolved problems in our village. Sometimes we get food ration tickets instead of wages. We can turn them into food in a shop. But they have a poor purchase power as compared with money. Moreover they sell spoiled goods quite frequently. But villagers can do nothing but buy tainted herring. We complained to local authorities about it but that produced no results yet. Communication is weak in the village and there is no cellular communications. Doctors do not always see patients in the village hospital. They refuse to prescribe authorized free remedies. In general there are a lot of problems in our village as well as probably in other Taymyr villages.
Nganasans used to be nomadic people in the past; they drove reindeer herds to the far north. Now Nganasans' reindeer breeding disappeared and it cannot be revived any more. Migration routes of wild reindeer have changed and the great bands of wild reindeer crossing this region may carry domestic ones with them. People can no longer breed reindeer; some lost the skills of reindeer-breeding and some just do not want to. Young people are not interested in it at all. And without reindeer-breeding Nganasans are not anything like they used to be. And formerly Nganasans used to be the first and most numerous people in Taymyr. Even scientist cannot say who inhabited the territory before them. There are about 800 Nganasans left in the whole world. Most of them live in Ust-Avam and neighboring Volchanka village. I don't want Nganasans to die out but it looks to me as if we cannot escape it. Only exhibits in museums, photographs and library pictures will remain.
Maria Chepalova


Culture

I have been a director of Recreation Center in Khatanga for many years. It was all in a lifetime but of late years I have an impression that it is getting worse and worse. I mean low level of concern of our state for culture institutions. All great occasions of Khatanga are held by our Center. Amateur study groups, chat rooms, rehearsals, and concerts are held inside the Center. People sing, draw, and dance within the walls of the Recreation Center from morning till night. It is nice to watch it and be glad for fellow-villagers. People still have taste for the beautiful and nostalgia for spiritual food. But the Center's building is in bad condition. It goes to ruin and becomes dilapidated year after year. There is no money in district budget for face-lift, never mind capital repair. It happens that children play ball and break the window by accident (anything may happen during classes), and the Center has no money to glass in. It is no good to take money from children, there is nothing for it but to pay own funds. It is the same story with equipment – some is broken and some goes out of date. There are no conditions to conduct studies. And it is a very negative tendency, because there is no nation and future without culture.
The situation in villages is in exactly the same way. For example in Khatanga there is a number of villages where only one small indigenous people Dolgans live. Villages are eager to preserve and cultivate their national culture, but they nave no place to do it. There are no special buildings, wage rates for specialists, equipment, and money to organize traditional arts practices. Some enthusiasts arrange national study groups. But you can not get very far on enthusiasm, it needs government support. As for me, I offered to establish ethno-cultural centers in villages more than once. They may become centers of traditional national village culture. There would be a paid specialist, good equipment to preserve our creative works for posterity, fancywork materials, etc. In general it would become a hospitable place where everyone could find occupation to enjoy oneself. I suggested establishment of such centers for many times and drew up projects, but apparently officials are not interested in our culture, our centers, and our future.
Everything needs a place, our Khatanga culture also needs a place – a Recreation Center, and villages need ethno-cultural places.
Elena Vasylyk


Why does a Reindeer Breeder Need Vodka?

Honestly, why? It does not make him wiser, stronger, and hard-working. It is quite the contrary. Of course, it is up to a man whether to drink or not. But when he is constantly offered cheap vodka and his friends tell him it is nice to have a drink after a hard working day even an abstainer will believe there is no harm in having a drink and it will be all right. And in practice everything is in a different way. Glasses turn into bottles and there are quarrels with family. It is a good thing a man is calm and right away goes to sleep. The next morning he has a hangover and indifferent state of health, therefore the work stops. And there is a lot of work in tundra and it can not be put off till tomorrow. Those who have grown up children are lucky because they can manage a household themselves. And what if a family is young? Or, what make it worse, children also like to finish a day with a drink. I don't mean to accuse anyone, but it is a man to blame for this as nobody pour vodka into his mouth by force, he agrees to drink himself. When he comes to visit his relatives in the village they welcome him with a great drinking party. Even if a man does not want to drink they begin to persuade to him and accuse him of disrespect. They begin to argue in favour of a right drinking and taking a drink "the morning after". What is a right drinking if a drunken man begins to look like a heartless creature and attacks people with an axe? He gives up household, sells reindeer, and lives a settled life to go on with the right drinking. And then they are asking questions: why is reindeer breeding declining; why is local population being assimilated; and why do indigenous peoples forget their customs and language? You are right when you put all the blame on "demon drink" and those people who sell a great deal of cheap and affordable vodka. There is much talk about people becoming drunkards but not about their salvation and sobering up.
Probably one can justify those who drink on festal occasion or, God forbid, with grief, as they drink to express feelings and not to smack. But one can not justify those who come to the shop and buy a bottle of vodka at first and only then some food for their children. The question is – either government hold an interest in healthy people or in huge profits on the sale of vodka and people who think their life becomes if not a lot but better after a couple of drinks…
P.S. Please do not consider everything written above the ultimate truth. Everyone has his own opinion and has the right to express it. If someone agrees with me while reading these articles I will be glad he shares my ideas.
Sergey Kashov


Employment of Women in Villages

Unemployment is a nagging problem in Taymyr. This problem especially concerns indigenous women in villages. Male villagers can hunt or fish. Some women also hunt and fish but by all means all women can do it. And what about widows, divorcées, aged and unmarried women? The number of female vacancies is strictly limited by the number of budget positions in institutions of community and consumer facilities. And they are scarce.
I've been a private entrepreneur for many years. I am a head of "Mukustur" community. Our community makes and sells folk trades products, clothes, utensils, baloks (balok is a kind of a skid indigenous hut). We started from winning international grant of 170,000 rubles several years ago. We bought goods and necessary equipment with it and began to work. Now a small locally recruited staff is under my authority. We have a little shop next to our department in Dudinka, we are planning to set up another one in Norilsk. We are also going to present an e-shop. In 2007 we won the right to build baloks for indigenous peoples in the bounds of municipal target programme "Taymyr Peoples". At the same time our products entered the competition "The Top 100 Russian Goods". Quality committee chaired by E. Akbulatova, deputy governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai, recommended women's high fur boots decorated with Nganasan ornament, beaded women's high fur boots, and embroidered children's high fur boots for federal level of the competition.
Being experienced in organization of production of handicrafts I more than once addressed to Taymyr authorities and came forth with suggestion to employ indigenous women in villages by means of establishment of small home workshops. The estimate indicates it does not cost much money to set up a small tailoring shop manufacturing handicrafts. One only should outlay money on consumable materials (kamus, beads, thick felt, cloth, leather, glue, fells, sheet wadding, etc.). But it has many advantages. It guarantees jobless women earnings, preserves traditional trades, and popularizes traditional culture. I know from experience it will be much in demand. I am ready to held how-to seminars for women concerned and teach them how to set up in business, recommend materials, share curves and models with them. But it is difficult for a village indigenous woman to make a decision, become organized, and find initial capital. I have a firsthand knowledge of all the challenges one should face to become successful. I am ready to share my experience, knowledge, and skills but authorities' support is also necessary in this matter.
I hope my suggestions will get an understanding reception some day, because life is not easy for indigenous women in Taymyr villages.
Aksinya Porotova


Interns' Views

Sergey Espek

I liked the training course very much. I've learned a lot of interesting and instructive information including rights of small indigenous peoples of the North.
E.N. Nechushkina gave us lectures on rights of small indigenous peoples. They helped me to realize we have more rights than we expect and we should exercise them freely.
We had interesting meetings with officials and heads of public organizations, they told us about legal and socio-economic situation of indigenous peoples in the district and growing trends.
V.H. Vengo reassured us that Krai authorities had already began to discuss socio-economic problems of Khatanga.
Targeting was the topic of psychology classes. Darya Semenovna taught us to see into our life in 10 or 20 years. And to make it real we should define at first general goals and then long-term, short-term, and everyday ones. We had a step-by-step instruction as a result. She also taught us positive thinking and how to manage negative thoughts. You have to have a special kind of personality to reach a goal. If you don't have it you should impose it artificially so that it can become part of you with the lapse of time.
It gave me great pleasure to meet E. Nechushkina. I want to thank her and L'auravetl'an Information and Education Network of Indigenous Peoples for such training courses that provide people with legal knowledge and self-reliance. Had your training courses never existed I, villager, could not have learnt so many useful things.

Taisia Panova, Aksinya Porotova
We were glad to take part in the training course. We've learnt a lot of useful things. We knew some things already, as we live active social life. But repetition did us no harm. Study of International Labour Organization Convention No 169, its history and ratification were of peculiar interest. We hope to live till the time when Russia ratifies it. We could address vital questions directly during many interesting and useful meetings. All interns took part in the meetings and officials could not make empty promises. At face-to-face meetings you may be promised many things and your heart fills with joy, but in practice they are in no hurry to deliver the goods. We are glad the training course took place straight in Dudinka. We knew about such training courses in Krasnoyarsk, but we could not leave our families and children for a month and go to Krasnoyarsk to take part in them. And in Dudinka we could easily attend classes and come home in the evening. We even remembered our student days.

Sergey Kashov
For many people the words "training course" seem empty and meaningless. For others these words mean something that can give them important and useful information. And both parties think they are right. The first think there is no sense to waist time on something of no use (except refresher training). The second consider the information of the training course useful and helpful in rising up the ladder of advancement and carrier. There may be a lot of judgments but the truth is that training courses are necessary for those who think they are useful.
There is also another sort of people who are interested in certificates they may show their household and friends to boast. They are not interested in knowledge but in documents that prove they have taken the training course.
Training courses in the field of human rights are necessary for people. This especially concerns people living in remote villages and settlements. Ordinary people know practically nothing their rights, with the exception of those individuals who know legislation and stand upon their rights by occupation. I am under the impression that the less people know their rights the more soundly the authorities sleep. As a matter of fact people have many rights. They are written and talked of a lot. And in practice nobody knows and exercises them. Probably those in power consider there is no need for anyone to know about them, but they are sure everyone should know his obligations. Pay taxes and sleep the sleep of the just; give up your life for your motherland – and we rush to the attack shouting "hurrah" (except wars against invaders where there is no sin in dying for the motherland); the price of food is up – we tighten our belts and try to stand it; there is graft and corruption – it's all right, we also take bribes.
Many people never know they have rights. They may be had no opportunity to obtain a knowledge of human rights and may be they did not want to. But, frankly, most people do not want this knowledge themselves, for everybody thinks in the same way. Does an ordinary fisherman need to know he has the right to land if he knows that he will never be able to become a prosperous farmer and profit from it? Fish in the river and its purchasers are his first priority.
But if people think and say that nothing depends on them it will be true. And people will never achieve their dreams to be a free and independent society that can decide its fate and be out of authorities' whims.

Elena Vasylyk
It is necessary to hold such training courses. It would be better if they were held in the places where indigenous peoples live. Local population is ignorant in legislation. To live in constitutional state people have to know the rights and take part in their forming at both the federal and local levels.









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Опубликовано на: 2008-11-10 (5222 Прочтено)

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